The Digital Media Project

The Digital Media Project
Source	GA05	Date	2005/01/28
Title	Approved Document No. 6, Draft 1.0 – Technical Specification of Terminology	No.	0326/Adastral Park

Approved Document No. 6, Draft 1.0

Technical Specification of Terminology

NOTICE

Use of the technologies described in this specification may infringe patents, copyrights or intellectual property rights of DMP Members or non-members.

This DMP Technical Specification is subject to change without notice.

Neither DMP nor any of its Members accept any responsibility whatsoever arising out of or in connection with the use of this Technical Specification and the information contained herein for damages or liability, direct or consequential.

Draft 1.0 of this Technical Specification supersedes all previous versions

Terms defined in this document when used with upper case in other DMP documents have the meaning defined here, unless another meaning is explicitly declared. Note that terms beginning with lower case may not necessarily include entities expressed by terms beginning with upper case.

DMP terms are presented in two views. In the first view terms are given in alphabetical order.

In the second view terms are grouped by similarity in the following five classes

Definitions in alphabetical order

Access	The Function of making available Content, License or Governed Content to a Device so that a Device can execute Functions
Adapt (Resource)	The Function of modifying attributes to a Resource, such as converting a 5-channel music to a 2-channel music, subsampling a high-definition video to a standard definition video etc.
Adaptation	Any change in an existing Manifestation of a Work that results in a new Manifestation of that Work
Adaptor	An User who selects a Manifestation and Produces an Adaptation
Annotate	The Function of 1. referencing a specific portion of a piece of Content and 2. linking the reference to another piece of Content Created by User
Application	Data that give a Device instructions to enable a User to Use Content
Approved Document	Any of the following types of DMP documents 1. Recommended Actions 2. Recommended Practices 3. Technical Specifications
Backup	The Function consisting of the following actions 1. Duplication of Content 2. Duplication of Rights Expression in case this is a Stateless Rights Expression 3. Moving of the duplicate(s) to another location that is not a Device
Broadcast	The Function of transferring Content to a Device in a point-to-multipoint mode
Conformance	The satisfaction of a Device or a piece of Content to the relevant requirements of one or more than one Specification
Content	A structured combination of Resource Types and Metadata
Content Access	The Function of making available Content or Governed Content to a Device so that a Device can execute Functions on it
Content Data	A structured combination of Content Data Elements
Content Data Element	Any of the following Content Data types: Resources, Metadata, Content, Rights Expressions, Licenses and Governed Content
Content Provider	A User assigning Rights associated with Content or Governed Content to another User (e.g. an End-User)
Context (of Use)	The association of a piece of Content with other pieces of Content and circumstances of Use
Copy	The Function consisting of the following actions 1. Duplication of Content and/or Rights Expression 2. Transferring that duplicate to another Device
Creator	A User who Creates a Work and Produces its first Manifestation
Data	Information converted to a form that is processable by a Device
DCF (Content Format)	Information on how to package Resources and DCI in a File
DCI (Content Information)	Structured representation of the Information about a File (which Resources it contains, Metadata, governance, ecc...).
Delivery System
	A system that is used to deliver Data between any two or more Devices (e.g. a storage medium or a network-based transport mechanism)
Descriptors	Data that describe the properties of Resources
Device	A system conforming to Technical Specifications that allows a User to execute Access to and Functions on Content
Device Authentication	The procedure to prove the identity of a Device to another Device, a Service or a Delivery System
DMP DRM System	A set of Devices that manage, protect and Use Governed Content in an Interoperable fashion. A DMP DRM system implementation allows Devices to Use Governed Content from another DMP DRM System implementation even though the latter may use different technologies.
Domain	A set of Devices sharing some common attributes, such as personal or group ownership that is appropriate for various business models
Download	The Function of transferring Content to a Device on which a Function may be executed
Edit	The Function of Modifying a piece of Content, such as by adding, deleting, altering pieces of Content in a piece of Content
Encrypt	The Function of making the Data unreadable unless a Key is available to restore the Data to a readable form
End-User	The last User in a Value-chain
Environment	A Device or set of interconnected Devices with the same or different functionalities. An Environment may interact with other Environments and may also interact with the outside through appropriate Interfaces
Experience	The result of Using Content by an End-User
Export	Making available a piece of Governed Content to a non-DMP DRM system
Expression	A distinct intellectual or artistic realization
File	Identifiable Data which are Stored on a Device
(First) Fixate	The Function of Storing a Work for the first time
Function	What is executed by a Device on Governed Content
Governed Content	A piece of Content combined with a License
Identifier	A symbol that establishes the identity of Users, Devices, Domains, Works, Manifestations and Content Data Elements
Import	Accessing a piece of governed content from a non-DMP DRM system
Instance	An object or event which exemplifies an identified Manifestation (e.g. File).
Instantiator	A User who produces an Instance
Integrity
Interface	The interchange point between 1. Devices 2. Devices and devices 3. Devices and Users 4. Devices and Delivery Systems
Interoperability	The possibility for Users (including End-Users) to technically execute value-chain Functions through Interfaces and Protocols of open specification
(Content) Interoperability	The ability of a piece of governed content to be used by a device. All DMP Governed Content is Interoperable with DMP Devices
(Device) Interoperability	The ability of a device to exchange data with other devices across standard interfaces using standard protocols and understood by the devices exchanging the data. DMP Devices are Interoperable
Key	Data used by a cryptographic method to make Cleartext Data Encrypted or Encrypted Data readable
Lend	The Function of Moving a piece of Content that was Used in one Domain for temporary Use in another Domain
License	Data representing the granted Rights expressed by Rights Expressions from a Rights Holder to a User
Manifestation	An object or event which is an Expression of a Work
Metadata	Data (e.g. Identifiers, Descriptors etc.) not including Use Data, Rights Expressions and Licenses that is distinct from but directly related to Works and Resources
Modify	The Function of making changes to a Work or piece of Content
Move	The Function consisting of the following actions 1. Copy of Content from a source Device to a destination Device 2. Deletion of said in the source Device
Platform	The technology infrastructure that enables Users to Use Content
Produce	The Function of producing Content based on Published Content or previously unpublished Works
Protocol
	A description of data formats and rules a device must follow to exchange those data with other devices
Publish	The Function of making available Content
Publisher	A User who selects (a piece of ) Content and makes it available to other Users
Quote	The Function of extracting a piece of Content from or referencing another piece of Content
Release	The Function of a Producer who makes a piece of Content commercially available
Render	The generation of human-perceivable data on an appropriate device
Rent	The Function of Moving a piece of Content that was Used in one Domain for Use in another Domain in an exchange based on a Value-Expression
Resource	Data (e.g. an MP3 file) that can be processed by a Device and rendered in a form that is meaningful to a User
Resource Type	A Resource such as video, audio, audio-visual, text, synthetic audio, 2D/3D graphics
Restore	The Function of moving Content and the associated Stateless Rights Expression if any to the Device from which Backup had been performed
Retailer	A User who Distributes, sells or Licenses Content to an End-User
Right	An ability supported by the applicable law to execute Functions on a piece of Governed Content
Rights Expression	Data that can be processed to obtain the list of Functions that can be performed on a piece of Governed Content and the conditions under which they can be performed
Rights Holder	A User who has Rights to perform Functions on a piece of Content
Rights Owner	A User who has Rights to assign Rights to a User
Service	A set of Functions executed by a User on Content that is valuable for another User or Users
(Technical) Specification	A type of DMP Approved Document containing normative clauses. Its use in Devices, Contents and Services may require business agreements between relevant Users. Such business agreements are outside of DMP
Stateless Rights Expression	A Rights Expression that does not include any countable/temporal condition such as total played time, date, term, etc. Examples of Stateless Rights Expressions are those with conditions based on region code or expiration at a certain date etc.
Stream	The Function of transferring Content to a Device where the transferred Content is processed for Rendering only and not Stored
Superdistribution	A mechanism that 1. Allows an End-User to distribute Content to recipient End-Users or Devices through potentially insecure delivery systems and 2. Enables the End-Users of the recipient Devices to obtain a Rights Expression for the said Content
Syndicate	The Function of Licensing Works or Content for Publication or Distribution by more than one Publisher or Distributor typically simultaneously
Tool (System)	Data that give a Device instructions to execute Functions (system layer)
Trick Modes	Any of the following Functions performed on a piece of Content during Rendering by a User: 1. Fast forward 2. Slow motion 3. Freeze frame 4. Fast reverse 5. Slow reverse
Trust	A state of Users, Devices or Content Data the attainment of which enables Users to execute Functions on Governed Content
Trust Management	The mechanisms by which Trust can be established, preserved and severed
Use	What can be performed on a Device by a User
Use Case	A description of how technologies can be integrated to provide complete solutions
Use Data	Data documenting the Functions performed by a User on a piece of Content and the associated circumstances
User	Any person or legal entity who is in a Value-Chain between (and including) Author, Creator and End-User. For the purpose of current Specification a User is represented by a device or by a User Identity on the Device (e.g. username/password).
User Authentication	The procedure to prove the identity of a User to a Device, a Service or a Delivery System
Value-chain	A set of interacting Users, including Authors and Producers through to End-Users
Value-expression	The equating of two groupings of pieces of Content and Services
Withdraw	The Function of an Author who discontinues any and all Licenses to Use one or more of his Works
Work	A creation that retains intellectual or artistic attributes independently of its multiple Expressions.

Fig. 1 – Content Data

Definitions grouped by similarity

General
Approved Document	Any of the following types of DMP documents 1. Recommended Actions 2. Recommended Practices 3. Technical Specifications
Conformance	The satisfaction of a Device or a piece of Content to the relevant requirements of one or more than one Specification
Context (of Use)	The association of a piece of Content with other pieces of Content and circumstances of Use
Experience	The result of Using Content by an End-User
Integrity
Interface	The interchange point between 1. Devices 2. Devices and devices 3. Devices and Users 4. Devices and Delivery Systems
Interoperability	The possibility for Users (including End-Users) to technically execute value-chain Functions through Interfaces and Protocols of open specification
(Content) Interoperability	The ability of a piece of governed content to be used by a device. All DMP Governed Content is Interoperable with DMP Devices
(Device) Interoperability	The ability of a device to exchange data with other devices across standard interfaces using standard protocols and understood by the devices exchanging the data. DMP Devices are Interoperable
Key	Data used by a cryptographic method to make Cleartext Data Encrypted or Encrypted Data readable
Protocol	A description of data formats and rules a device must follow to exchange those data with other devices
Right	An ability supported by the applicable law to execute Functions on a piece of Governed Content
(Technical) Specification	A type of DMP Approved Document containing normative clauses. Its use in Devices, Contents and Services may require business agreements between relevant Users. Such business agreements are outside of DMP
Superdistribution	A mechanism that 1. Allows an End-User to distribute Content to recipient End-Users or Devices through potentially insecure delivery systems and 2. Enables the End-Users of the recipient Devices to obtain a Rights Expression for the said Content
Trust	A state of Users, Devices or Content Data the attainment of which enables Users to execute Functions on Governed Content
Trust Management	The mechanisms by which Trust can be established, preserved and severed
Value-expression	The equating of two groupings of pieces of Content and Services
Use Case	A description of how technologies can be integrated to provide complete solutions
Users
Adaptor	A User who selects a Manifestation and Produces an Adaptation
Content Provider	A User assigning Rights associated with Content or Governed Content to another User (e.g. an End-User)
Creator	A User who Creates a Work and Produces its first Manifestation
End-User	The last User in a Value-chain
Instantiator	A User who produces an Instance
Publisher	A User who selects (a piece of ) Content and makes it available to other Users
Retailer	A User who Distributes, sells or Licenses Content to an End-User
Rights Holder	A User who has Rights to perform Functions on a piece of Content
Rights Owner	A User who has Rights to assign Rights to a User
User	Any person or legal entity who is in a Value-Chain between (and including) Author, Creator and End-User. For the purpose of current Specification a User is represented by a device or by a User Identity on the Device (e.g. username/password).
User Authentication	The procedure to prove the identity of a User to a Device, a Service or a Delivery System
Systems
Device	A system conforming to Technical Specifications that allows a User to execute Access to and Functions on Content
Device Authentication	The procedure to prove the identity of a Device to another Device, a Service or a Delivery System
Delivery System	A system that is used to deliver Data between any two or more Devices (e.g. a storage medium or a network-based transport mechanism)
DMP DRM System	A set of Devices that manage, protect and Use Governed Content in an Interoperable fashion. A DMP DRM system implementation allows Devices to Use Governed Content from another DMP DRM System implementation even though the latter may use different technologies.
Domain	A set of Devices sharing some common attributes, such as personal or group ownership that is appropriate for various business models
Environment	A Device or set of interconnected Devices with the same or different functionalities. An Environment may interact with other Environments and may also interact with the outside through appropriate Interfaces
Platform	The technology infrastructure that enables Users to Use Content
Value-chain	A set of interacting Users, including Authors and Producers through to End-Users
Data	(see figure)
Application	Data that give a Device instructions to enable a User to Use Content
Content	A structured combination of Resource Types and Metadata
Content Data	A structured combination of Content Data Elements
Content Data Element	Any of the following Content Data types: Resources, Metadata, Content, Rights Expressions, Licenses and Governed Content
Content Data Format	The structure into which Content Data are systematically arranged. Examples are: DCI (DMP Content Information) and DCF (DMP Content Format)
Data	Information converted to a form that is processable by a Device
Descriptors	Data that describe the properties of Resources
Expression	A distinct intellectual or artistic realization
File	Identifiable Data which are Stored on a Device
Governed Content	A piece of Content combined with a License
Identifier	A symbol that establishes the identity of Users, Devices, Domains, Works, Manifestations and Content Data Elements
Instance	An object or event which exemplifies an identified Manifestation (e.g. File).
License	Data representing the granted Rights expressed by Rights Expressions from a Rights Holder to a User
Manifestation	An object or event which is an Expression of a Work
Metadata	Data (e.g. Identifiers, Descriptors etc.) not including Use Data, Rights Expressions and Licenses that is distinct from but directly related to Works and Resources
Resource	Data (e.g. an MP3 file) that can be processed by a Device and rendered in a form that is meaningful to a User
Resource Type	A Resource such as video, audio, audio-visual, text, synthetic audio, 2D/3D graphics
Rights Expression	Data that can be processed to obtain the list of Functions that can be performed on a piece of Governed Content and the conditions under which they can be performed
Stateless Rights Expression	A Rights Expression that does not include any countable/temporal condition such as total played time, date, term, etc. Examples of Stateless Rights Expressions are those with conditions based on region code or expiration at a certain date etc.
Tool (System)	Data that give a Device instructions to execute Functions (system layer)
Use Data	Data documenting the Functions performed by a User on a piece of Content and the associated circumstances
Work	A creation that retains intellectual or artistic attributes independently of its multiple Expressions.
Functions
Access	The Function of making available Content, License, Governed Content or Applications and Tools to a Device so that a Device can execute Functions
Adapt (Resource)	The Function of modifying attributes to a Resource, such as converting a 5-channel music to a 2-channel music, subsampling a high-definition video to a standard definition video etc.
Adaptation	Any change in an existing Manifestation of a Work that results in a new Manifestation of that Work
Annotate	The Function of 1. referencing a specific portion of a piece of Content and 2. linking the reference to another piece of Content Created by User
Backup	The Function consisting of the following actions 1. Duplication of Content 2. Duplication of Rights Expression in case this is a Stateless Rights Expression 3. Moving of the duplicate(s) to another location that is not a Device
Broadcast	The Function of transferring Content to a Device in a point-to-multipoint mode
Copy	The Function consisting of the following actions 1. Duplication of Content and/or Rights Expression 2. Transferring that duplicate to another Device
Distribute
Download	The Function of transferring Content to a Device on which a Function may be executed
Edit	The Function of Modifying a piece of Content, such as by adding, deleting, altering pieces of Content in a piece of Content
Encrypt	The Function of making the Data unreadable unless a Key is available to restore the Data to a readable form
Export	Making available a piece of Governed Content to a non-DMP DRM system
(First) Fixate	The Function of Storing a Work for the first time
Function	What is executed by a Device on Governed Content
Import	Accessing a piece of governed content from a non-DMP DRM system
Lend	The Function of Moving a piece of Content that was Used in one Domain for temporary Use in another Domain
Modify	The Function of making changes to a Work or piece of Content
Move	The Function consisting of the following actions 1. Copy of Content from a source Device to a destination Device 2. Deletion of said in the source Device
Produce	The Function of producing Content based on Published Content or previously unpublished Works
Publish	The Function of making available Content
Quote	The Function of extracting a piece of Content from or referencing another piece of Content
Release	The Function of a Producer who makes a piece of Content commercially available
Render	The generation of human-perceivable data on an appropriate device
Rent	The Function of Moving a piece of Content that was Used in one Domain for Use in another Domain in an exchange based on a Value-Expression
Restore	The Function of moving Content and the associated Stateless Rights Expression if any to the Device from which Backup had been performed
Service	A set of Functions executed by a User on Content that is valuable for another User or Users
Stream	The Function of transferring Content to a Device where the transferred Content is processed for Rendering only and not Stored
Syndicate	The Function of Licensing Works or Content for Publication or Distribution by more than one Publisher or Distributor typically simultaneously
Trick Modes	Any of the following Functions performed on a piece of Content during Rendering by a User: 1. Fast forward 2. Slow motion 3. Freeze frame 4. Fast reverse 5. Slow reverse
Use	What can be performed on a Device by a User
Withdraw	The Function of an Author who discontinues any and all Licenses to Use one or more of his Works