| The Digital Media Project | |||
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Source |
DMP TRU Workshop |
Date: |
2004/04/30 |
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Title |
List of Digital Media Business Models |
No. |
0067/Los Angeles |
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# |
DMBM |
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01 |
Content distribution using peer-to-peer networks |
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02 |
Content distribution via file sharing based on voluntary collective licensing |
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03 |
Open Distribution Framework |
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04 |
Location based entertainment WiFi NetKiosk |
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05 |
Broadcasting of open governed content |
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06 |
Traditional public and commercial service broadcasting |
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07 |
Financing content production by collecting loans from end-users |
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08 |
Distribution of audio-video content for consumption on portable devices |
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09 |
Distribution of digital content by attaching end-user reference to the content |
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10 |
Digital conservatory |
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01 |
Criteria |
Description |
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1. |
Name of DMBM |
Content distribution using peer-to-peer networks |
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2. |
Summary description of DMBM |
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3. |
Example usages of DMBM |
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4. |
DEUs related to this DMBM |
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5. |
Enabling technologies |
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6. |
Benefits of DMBM |
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7. |
Requirements |
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8 |
References |
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02 |
Criteria |
Description |
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1. |
Name of DMBM |
Content distribution via file sharing based on voluntary collective licensing |
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2. |
Summary description of DMBM |
Music fans who share music files over the internet pay a voluntary license fee to a collecting society. In exchange they are free to download and share music files using the hardware and software platforms they like. Based on the relative popularity of the music, the money collected is divided by the collecting society between artists and rights-holders. |
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3. |
Use records of DMBM |
· Radio Broadcast: in the first half of the twentieth century, radio stations started to pay fees to collecting societies to pay off the authors of the broadcasted music. |
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4. |
TRUs used |
· TRU to make personal copy · TRU to space shift content · TRU to time shift content · TRU to choose playback device · TRU to choose the service · TRU to choose the delivery system · TRU to transcode · TRU of contractual commerce · TRU of economic exploitation · TRU of equitable remuneration · TRU to share content with members of a group · TRU not to apply DRM to a piece of content |
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5. |
DEU used |
· 01: content distribution via P2P networks |
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6. |
Benefits of DMBM |
· Music fans can legally access an unlimited selection of music. · Artists and other copyright holders are fairly compensated. · Independent artists can more easily distribute music and receive payment · The distribution of music via P2P networks is more efficient than centralized distribution models. |
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7. |
Requirements |
· A range of paying mechanisms, e.g. direct subscription via a web interface, bundle license fee with network access (e.g. broadband internet provider, mobile phone provider), bundle license fee with network services (e.g. provided by a University to their students) · A monitoring system to ensure the accurate division of the license fees · Some antitrust regulation to ensure that the collective society will not abuse its market power |
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8 |
References |
“Let the music play” - White Paper, Electronic Frontier Foundation, 2004 |
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03 |
Criteria |
Description |
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1. |
Name of DMBM |
Open Distribution Framework |
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2. |
Summary description of DMBM |
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3. |
Example usages of DMBM |
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4. |
DEUs related to this DMBM |
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5. |
Enabling technologies |
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6. |
Benefits of DMBM |
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7. |
Requirements |
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8 |
References |
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04 |
Criteria |
Description |
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1. |
Name of DMBM |
LBE DMBM WiFi NetKiosk |
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2. |
Summary description of DMBM |
The LBE interfaces with the IED such that IED-s can be expeditiously developed and such that the LBE NetKiosk will offer an extremely rich center for high-level broadband delivery, albeit centralized around the NetKiosk. To break down that name:
Note that a key issue will be privacy (inc. anonymity when possible) for LBE WiFi NetKiosk transactions. |
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3. |
Use records of DMBM |
Many high-quality arcades exist at themed entertainment centers, massive, kiosk-only, assorted, some similar to videogames like flying or car racing, some allowing group participation. It should be noted that these are often very expensive. The LBE WiFi NetKiosk could probably be sustained in the third world by charging customers 83 cents for 5 minutes, less than a day's wage in most developing nations. A great deal of important interaction could occur, for example, if dispersed villages were able to communicate with each other by each having an affordable kiosk. There could be subsidies for worthy uses like students doing research or scholarship of the arts. Note that use of a card or mobile phone to carry money, such as can be used for going on a ride or paying at a NetKiosk, is already a fairly common practice. For example, the San Francisco BART train's stiff paper cards with magnetic strips. It should be trivial to find an affordable way for the IED, including early IED-s devices, to "dock" at a NetKiosk in order to conduct transactions using enhanced interactivity and vivid display. Note possible configuration that this unit could be the data hub for a quonset hut arcade, requiring only one unit to power many terminals or "rides". Merchandise manufactured by DM fabrication devices should be branded and become subject to the laws and conventions of the analogue world. Manufacture of merchandise could occur apart from the kiosk in a connected equipment network of kiosk peripherals. Note that peripherals could include telerobotic devices so that a famous artist in Monterey California could customise some item for a customer anywhere in the world (with a NetKiosk) in real time. Big Video Jukebox — with 3 customer service workstation-counters: Note potential for a ruggedized and even armorized device suitable for airlift drop to remote locations (note power-supply issue). For example a semi-cylinder standing kiosk could have a high-resolution video display on its flat portion covered by a protective polycarbonate shield, with surround-sound audio provided by a tent providing darkness for viewing. The curved portion of the kiosk (like a semi-circle), could support three counters at which download/upload customers could interact with the kiosk for 83 cents each 5 minutes or some higher price. Note that the IED-s could act as a remote control for such a kiosk so that through WiFi it might be possible to have hundreds of transactions going through the NetKiosk (as a data hub) simultaneously (thanks of course to multiplexing). In essence the IED-s is the remote control for the big video jukebox. I also envision that customers could pay to have the flat screen display the selection(s) of their choice for a few hours. |
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4. |
TRUs used |
developing nations, all reproductive TRUs and Category F TRUs. TRU distribution will apply to manufactured merchandise. |
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5. |
DEU used |
This is a DEU enabler so the sky is the limit. |
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6. |
Benefits of DMBM |
LBE WiFi NetKiosk benefits everybody and is particularly suitable to developing nations. |
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7. |
Requirements |
Like Proposal for a Multipurpose IED, the LBE WiFi NetKiosk is just a hardware shell for functionality that also can travel securely over networks by software alone. Note that this software/hardware symmetry - it can go either way - was my response to Leonardo's Interoperable DRM Platform (IDP), Interoperable End-user Devices (IED) and short-term IED (IED-s). |
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8 |
References |
Proposal for a Multipurpose IED |
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05 |
Criteria |
Description |
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1. |
Name of DMBM |
Broadcasting of open governed content (BOGC) |
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2. |
Summary description of DMBM |
Broadcasting of governed content that is receivable by all end-users in a given broadcst footprint with support of different forms of services, e.g. public service, commercial service, subscription service. |
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3. |
Use records of DMBM |
The only form in which a form of BOCG has been implemented so far is through set top boxes equipped with the Common Interface |
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4. |
TRUs used |
· TRU #02 to make personal copy · TRU #03 to space shift content · TRU #04 to space shift content · TRU #05 to make playback device · TRU #06 to choose playback device · TRU #19 of continued access · TRU #28 of time based advertising · TRU #36 of time based advertising · TRU #51 of regional pricing · TRU #57 to choose the service · TRU #62 of applying technological access restrictions · TRU #64 to compel real-time only consumption · TRU #65TRU to restrict place of use · TRU #66 to restrict time of use · TRU #69 to access content of one's choice · TRU #71 to attach playback devices of one's choice to a network · TRU #73 to share content with members of a group · TRU #75 to choose security · TRU #78 contracting for middle-men to broadcast · TRU #80 contracting for middle-men to promote · TRU #85 to syndicate content |
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5. |
DEU used |
· 01 On-line storage of large amount of digital media · 02Browsing and selecting from a large number of content · 04 Simultaneous distribution of digital media to a large number of specially selected recipients · 05 Accessing governed content with a single device · 06 Making perfect copies of content · 07 Making content accessible to anybody connected to the network · 08 Automatically assigning descriptors to content · 09 Automatically transforming content representation · 11 Making electronic transactions · 12 Authenticating a device · 14 Extracting content to create new content · 15 Assembling content to create new content · 16 Identifying and tracking physical objects · 18 Automatic extraction of features from content · 20 Identifying and monitoring content · 21 Description of human profiles (digital identity) · 22 Authenticating users · 23 Determining entitlements · 24 Content use accounting · 25 Automatic generation of an audit trail · 26 Monitoring of usage · 27 Verifying integrity of content · 28 Verifying authenticity of content · 29 Customisation of human interface · 31 Attaching information to content in a persistent way |
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6. |
Benefits of DMBM |
BOGC is a DMBM that leverages the capability of broadcasting to deliver content to an unlimited number of recipients, while letting right holders preserve control of their asset and allowing end users to exercise a wide range of TRUs |
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7. |
Requirements |
TBD |
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8 |
References |
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06 |
Criteria |
Description |
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1. |
Name of DMBM |
Traditional public and commercial service broadcasting |
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2. |
Summary description of DMBM |
Creation, procurement and distribution of audio and video content to a mass public audience in exchange of a government-mandated fee or through advertising |
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3. |
Example usages of DMBM |
Broadly used worldwide |
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4. |
DEUs related to this DMBM |
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5. |
Enabling technologies |
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6. |
Benefits of DMBM |
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7. |
Requirements |
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8 |
References |
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07 |
Criteria |
Description |
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1. |
Name of DMBM |
Financing content production by collecting loans from end-users |
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2. |
Summary description of DMBM |
By giving a loan to the content producer and betting on the success of a piece of content, end-user take the position of the banker and finance the production of the work. If the artists are successful they will be rewarded in proportion to the original contribution. |
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3. |
Example usages of DMBM |
Examples in the software domain (freenet project) |
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4. |
DEUs related to this DMBM |
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5. |
Enabling technologies |
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6. |
Benefits of DMBM |
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7. |
Requirements |
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8 |
References |
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08 |
Criteria |
Description |
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1. |
Name of DMBM |
Distribution of audio-video content for consumption on portable devices |
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2. |
Summary description of DMBM |
· Playback device that supports DMP DRM and receives content via physical media, wired and/or wireless network. Possible option is to record and protect audio samples, personal stills and video using DMP DRM. · Content is played from local storage and/or streamed. · Content may be purchased through the device. · Device features: large memory capacity, small size, light physical weight, light weight DRM, long battery life, low device price, content library browsing. |
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3. |
Use records of DMBM |
A variety of digital portable players such as portable DVD and MP3 players. |
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4. |
DEU used |
· 02 Browsing and selecting from a large number of content · 05 Accessing governed content with a single device · 06 Making perfect copies of content · 10 Adapting content for use in different environments · 11 Making electronic transactions · 12 Authenticating a device · 20 Identifying content · 22 Authenticating users · 23 Determining entitlements · 27 Verifying integrity of content · 28 Verifying authenticity of content · 32 Encryption and decryption of content · # The secure storage of large amounts of digital media · # Software integrity verification and authentication · # Use of a secure clock (conditional on content requiring it) |
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5. |
TRUs used |
· TRU #07 to use content whose copyright has expired [RQ15] · TRU #18 to apply a rating to a piece of content [TBD] · TRU #19 of continued access [RQ10] · TRU #27 to make prohibited content inaccessible [TBD] · TRU #29 for digital media rental [TBD] · TRU #57 to choose the service [RQ61] · TRU #58 to choose the delivery system [TBD] · TRU #62 of applying technological access restrictions [TBD] · TRU #68 to assign content description [TBD] |
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6. |
Benefits of DMBM |
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7. |
Requirements |
· DEU #02 Browsing and selecting from a large number of content o Support for listing of DMP conforming content. o Support for meta data navigation. § Sorting on fields § Searching on field data § Filtering on field data o Support for indicating a selection from a listing. · DEU #05 Accessing governed content with a single device o Negotiation and adaptation of DRM requirements/capabilities. o Negotiation and adaptation of content format. · DEU #06 Making perfect copies of content o Support for making a copy of the content in its original form o Support for indicating the authorization for making a copy · DEU #10 Adapting content for use in different environments o Support the declaration of information necessary for the adaptation of content o Support for the communication of adaptation information o Support for adaptation negotiation · DEU #11 Making electronic transactions o Support of a broad range of payment methods and mechanisms · DEU #12 Authenticating a device o Negotiation of device authentication method. · DEU #20 Identifying content o Support for the unambiguous and unique identification of content. · DEU #22 Authenticating users o Negotiation of User authentication method. · DEU #23 Determining entitlements o Binding entitlements to specific content o Binding entitlements to a specific User or groups of Users o Binding entitlements to a specific device or class of devices o Machine readable entitlements o Determination of entitlement authenticity and integrity. · DEU #27 Verifying integrity of content o Support for detecting un-authorized changes in the content § Support for verification of integrity § Support for authenticating integrity verification data · DEU #28 Verifying authenticity of content o Support for verifying the source of content · DEU #32 Encryption and decryption of content o Support for declaring and negotiating content encryption/decryption algorithms o Requirements #66 – 69, #73 – 76, 79 · DEU #XX The secure storage of large amounts of digital media o Support for the secure local storage of large amounts of data · DEU #XX Software integrity verification and authentication o Support for the digital signing and subsequent verification of code elements. · DEU #XX Use of a secure clock (conditional on content requiring it) o Protocols for connecting to a source of secure time. · TRU #07 to use content whose copyright has expired [RQ15] o Support for access and use DMP content whose copyright has expired · TRU #19 of continued access [RQ10] o Support for continuous access to DMP content by DMP users · TRU #57 to choose the service [RQ61] o Support for free choice of services independently of the media item and the license. Requirements for the following TRUs have issues to be resolved on an expedited basis: 18, 27, 29, 58, 62, 68 |
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8 |
References |
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09 |
Criteria |
Description |
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1. |
Name of DMBM |
Distribution of digital content by attaching end-user reference to the content |
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2. |
Summary description of DMBM |
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3. |
Example usages of DMBM |
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4. |
DEUs related to this DMBM |
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5. |
Enabling technologies |
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6. |
Benefits of DMBM |
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7. |
Requirements |
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8 |
References |
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10 |
Criteria |
Description |
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1. |
Name of DMBM |
Digital conservatory |
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2. |
Summary description of DMBM |
Distribution of instruction material created by extracting and assembling pieces of licensed copyrighted recordings from classical music and combining with those recorded excerpts synthesised variants thereof |
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3. |
Example usages of DMBM |
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4. |
DEUs related to this DMBM |
· 01 On-line storage of large amount of digital media · 02 Browsing a digital media data base · 30 Unmodifiable storage of large amounts of digital media · 08 Automatically assigning descriptors to content · 09 Automatically transforming content representation · 13 Repurposing content · 14 Extracting content to create new content · 15 Assembling content to create new content · 19 Synthesising content |
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5. |
Enabling technologies |
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6. |
Benefits of DMBM |
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7. |
Requirements |
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8 |
References |
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